Stem Cells For Bone Regeneration - 824 Words

Bone marrow derived cells are the most extensively researched stem cells for bone regeneration owing to their capacity to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of appropriate growth factors as well as regenerate bone efficiently in vivo[44]. Upon isolation from the bone marrow, these stem cells are characterized. These cells are generally easy to isolate and passage[45]. However, relatively low abundance of BM-MSCs necessitates extensive in vitro expansion, which diminishes the posttranslational survival and immunomodulatory properties of BM-MSCs while posing regulatory and logistic challenges[46]. Additionally, the age and health status of the donor is of critical importance with regard to obtaining these cells. In the mid-1960’s, Friedenstein et al reviewed a series of experiments and hypothesized that BMSC could be co-isolated in vitro alongside hematopoietic cells [47; 48]. BMSC are generally referred to as MSCs, however, it should be noted that Bone m arrow usually consists of stromal cells which do not necessarily give rise to MSCs [49]. Nevertheless, upon isolation, the purified bmsc are referred to as msc as they abide by the 2006 criteria and exhibit both plasticity and the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes in vitro and in vivo[50]. In 1997, komori et al proposed that marrow stromal cells express the master osteogenic transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Scaffolds819 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, there is a global increase in cases of bone disorders and conditions, which is expected to increase as twice as much by 2020 particularly in countries where obesity and poor physical activity are associated with aging[1]. Although reconstructive orthopaedic surgery can be used to treat bone defects and injuries caused by trauma, additional treatments are required for severe breaks or pathological conditions as well as critical bone defect s due to malformation, cancer or osteoporosis inRead MoreA Research On Human And Animal Studies773 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal precision medicine. Human and animal studies both in vitro and in vivo have provided potential mechanotransduction pathways underlying bone regeneration and remodeling. The relation of profiling gene expression between human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and macrophages provides profound understandings of bone homeostasis starting in bone marrow niches. The use of two-photon confocal microscope has provided visual evidence on mechanical modifications under the low-intensity vibrationRead MoreWhat Are Stem Cells?1312 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are Stem Cells? Stem cells are unspecialized clonogenic cells that have the potential to differentiate into different kinds of cells with specialized functions. Normally, stem cells don’t have the â€Å"tissue-specific structures† that enable regular cells to perform specialized functions (Bethesda, 2015). In addition to multilineage differentiation, stem cells have the ability to continuously self-renew themselves (Gronthos, 2002; Zhao and Chai, 2015). They also play a key role in the repair andRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research A stem cell is defined as having â€Å"the ability to make specialized cells for various tissues in the body, such as heart muscle, brain tissue, and liver tissue† (umm.edu) Two of the most commonly studied stem cells are adult and embryonic. Adult stem cells are cells that have already became specialized, such as heart or muscle tissue. Embryonic cells on the other hand are still in development. This means that with some modifying, then an embryonic stem cell can develop into almostRead MoreStem Cell Activity Towards Tissue Regeneration1427 Words   |  6 PagesDESPITE embryonic stem cell potential differentiating into many cell types in the blastocyst stage, most adult stem cells had known inherent limited potential for postnatal tissue and organ regeneration. Among the sources of phenotypically characterized adult stem/progenitor cells,1–3 the hematopoietic system has traditionally been known as an organized, hierarchical system spearheaded by multipotent and self-r enewing stem cells at the top, followed by lineage-committed progenitor cells in the middleRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1338 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are found throughout the human body. They reproduce over a long period of time without changing. Stem cells can produce specialized cells, such as brain, muscle or lung cells. Stem cells in the last few years have recently made a big debut because medical professionals have discovered so many unique qualities to stem cells. They are on the cutting edge of medicine because of all their uses and the qualities that make them so unique from any other cell in theRead MoreLab Report1388 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Tissue regeneration through cell differentiation from one cell type to another is a phenomenon occurs in some species of fish and amphibians, however, mammals are incapable of reprogramming one cell lineage to achieve a similar result. Specifically, in human and mouse wound healing procedure normally generate scar with high collagen deposition, regenerated skin which lacks some features such as hair follicle and cutaneous fat. A recent study shows that a large skin wound in a mouse modelRead MoreEssay On Spinal Cord Injury1476 Words   |  6 Pagescorticosteroids and physical therapy, but the likelihood of recovery is extremely low due to the slow regeneration of neurons [6]. However, tissue engineering and stem cell therapy research efforts are being pursued as promising future treatment options. Current research efforts have focused on employing stem cells via tissue engineered scaffolds, but little has been done to visualize the resulting regeneration of live neurons. Instead, re searchers rely on post-mortem histological analysis of tissues whichRead MoreGrade 10 Science Ultimate Study Guide985 Words   |  4 PagesGrade 10 Science ULTIMATE Study Guide Biology – Key Concepts Cell Cycle – The life of a cell (thug lyfe). This includes growth, DNA replication, prep for mitosis and mitosis. Mitosis Interphase; first growth phase: the cell produces new proteins and organelles. Synthesis phase: the dna is replicated in preporation for mitosis. Second growth phase: the cell produces the organelles and structures needed for cell division. Prophase; Chromatic condense into chromosomes, which are sisterRead MoreA Research On Limb Regeneration1170 Words   |  5 Pagesto a breakthrough in regenerative medicine. Scientifically, regeneration means the process of regrowth of damaged or lost tissue. When the human body has become fully matured, around the age twenty-five human organs, such as the liver can be regenerated. If any damage is caused to the liver it is capable of regenerating itself, although it may not fully return to its original state. Our skin can also be classified as undergoing regeneration, as it is continually being renewed through peeling. Although